This day in history: Charles I's coronation and the end of the Revolt of the Comuneros

Hey friends! It's Lucía. Today is my turn to explain what happened years and years ago. Yes! This is a new chapter of... THIS DAY IN HISTORY! And as you have seen in the title, today we have double event.

FIRST EVENT: CHARLES I'S CORONATION.
Today but in 1520, Charles was crowned as Emperor in Germany (by the Pope Clement VII). Three years ago, in 1517 he started to be(en) King of the Hispanic Monarchy, but in 1519 he left the Iberian Peninsula to be elected emperor, and because of that the Revolt of the Comuneros started.

                         

                               Source: http://gallery.enciclonet.com/gallery/docs/comun/per/ptitia54.jpg

But Charles I actually was named the heir of Emperor Maximilian when he was 6, when his father Philip the Handsome died. His grandfather died in January 1519 and Charles was elected Emperor by the German electors in July 1519. In Germany there was a tradition: when a new Emperor was elected, they had to celebrate three ceremonies. The first was in the Palatine Chapel of Aachen second one was a coronation to name Charles "The king of Burgundies" and the third one was in Rome. this one didn’t take place until the 23rd February 1530, when Charles V was crowned Emperor by the Pope Clement VII.

Here you have a documentary of his entire life, if you want you can watch it (it's long, and in Spanish).

     
                    Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AWhoBtXpA0

This is the link to Charles V's video in English: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRYzW3BSj0I 

SECOND EVENT: THE END OF THE REVOLT OF THE COMUNEROS WITH THE SURRENDER OF THE LAST CITY, TOLEDO. (1521)
Joanna the Mad, Isabella's daughter, inherited the throne with her Burgundian husband King Philip I. However, Philip died two years after the beginning of their reign, and their son Charles was only six years old. Due to his youth and Joanna's mental instability, Castile was ruled by the nobles and her father, King Ferdinand II of Aragon, as a regency. After Ferdinand's death in 1516, the sixteen-year-old Charles was proclaimed king of both Castile and Aragon. In 1519, Charles was elected HolyRoman Emperor. He departed to Germany in 1520, leaving the Dutch cardinal Adrian of Utrecht to rule Castile in his absence. Soon, a series of anti-government riots broke out in the cities.

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comuneros.jpg#/media/File:Comuneros.jpg

  On 23rd of October 2015, we celebrate when the towns of northern Castile soon succumbed to the king's troops, with all its cities returning their allegiance. Today also Toledo, the last city where the revolt continued, declared surrender.                                     

"BatallaDeVillalar" by The artist is Manuel Picolo López, born in 1851 and died in 1913 (source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BatallaDeVillalar.jpg#/media/File:BatallaDeVillalar.jpg)

                                           

Germany from the unification to reunification

This is the answer to Juan´s question about the extension of Germany through history. Here you have some maps, where you can see the evolution of the country from 1871 to present day: 

THE GERMAN EMPIRE (SECOND REICH) FROM 1871 TO 1918

Source: http://eict.wikispaces.com/The+Second+Reich

GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR 1 UNTIL HITLER´S ARRIVAL TO POWER (1918-1933)

The red colour indicates Germany´s territory during the Weimar Republic. In pink colour, the territories Germany lost as a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles (1919): 

Source: http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/projects/classof2008/chong2/rodney/AWW.htm

GERMANY DURING THE THIRD REICH (1933-1939)

The different colours indicate the territories seized by Hitler during this period. Most of them were the ones Germany had lost in the Versailles Treaty: 

Source: http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/map.cfm?map_id=2884

GERMAN EXPANSION DURING WW2

This map shows what the Nazis called the Greater Germany. It included all the territories annexed to Germany until 1942

Source: http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?MediaId=378

GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR 2 (1945-1948)

Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by the allies (USA, UK, France and the USSR). Berlin was also divided into four zones. In white, the territories given to Poland and the USSR in the East and the Saar Protectorate in the West (this last territory was administered by France until 1955. Later it reunified with the Federal Republic): 

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map-Germany-1945.svg

DIVISION OF GERMANY (1949-1991)

The disputes between the Western allies and the USSR led to the Berlin blockade in 1948. After this crisis, two States were created: the Federal Republic of Germany in the West and the German Democratic Republic in the East. Berlin continued to be divided into two zones. In 1961 a wall was built inside Berlin. It physically represented the division of the world into two opposed blocks during the Cold War: 

Source: http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/index-29995.html

GERMANY  TODAY (1990 to present day)

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, the reunification process of Germany started. Germany became officially an only State on the 3rd October 1990. 

This map shows Germany as it is today. You can observe the different Länder (federal States) which form it. The Länder are similar to the autobomous communities in Spain, but they have more power

Source: http://www.planetware.com/map/germany-germany-the-lander-map-d-germany.htm

And finally, here you have some cartoons about something called German Europe. Experts say that things go better in Europe if there is a European Germany, rather than a German Europe. 

 Source: http://www.toonpool.com/cartoons/Germany%20and%20Europe_156814

Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/ireland-business-blog-with-lisa-ocarroll/2010/dec/02/ireland-crisis-airline-boss-says-doing-business-is-impossible