Bad news for Spain's population future

This week the INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística) has published the birth and mortality rates of 2016 first semester and they are really worrying. There have been 13,000 deaths more than the number of births and we are losing 72 inhabitants per day. If we did the calculations of Spain's natural growth right now, we would have negative growth (Stage 5 according to the Demographic Transition model). Here you have a short report in Spanish from the TV news:

España pierde en el primer semestre del año una media de 72 habitantes al día

This graph shows Spain's declining fertility rate:

Source: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPihQiOYFwLayEsm8vwhTl57fUimJJBL4UHEXzd78A1NpYDr9p8fpLN7F7DkTdG_ojOO0ODKVTfXZ5yr8QyhOz312WejKm5IR793e_a1BjGL2U4SLMJiGyLNRTSvJe_oyj4J396_CpCs/s1600/2015-03-08_210322.png

This one shows Spain's declining population:

Source: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaqb2gOADJolM4iEwVaUUD1j4-gebNlUx7ViOQU_2xUBlwpkwGruAECvE-EIPkELPEXZUKOGX7N_gVLR8smdNnROpGuLmUuELaCA6mB2_0FJ1RjuN4LP2FRfy-1lSPATO674JkMCm_dGs/s1600/2015-03-08_200709.png

Here you have a graph that shows the migratory balance in the last years:

Source: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdvtVSdFhpZ2pQQPlkmajEYUu-J_XNME29AeXA4KOWHArdKVHICpN7XZ6tK-f1ncr46wIetkvGCw0TE74R0fZYyLOWkIpZBRC23q1aVm0e-SQRK2iaFhSzgtquZVuG1MiFS0oL08nOohw/s1600/2015-03-08_191158.png

This is the projection for Spain's population pyramid in 2023:

Source: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhan2uYqfR3V2u49pxOy26nRqZ0tz56rup_TeWHu9NhL42ASA9Pq8VrTaBdmW08r61LxTKoXevIY67jyJVRv6W0weqfjMU0QX1y1WjDtEeFUuVfdlNRN2H1-KTmWzz9O0k5n_cBQbheM2Y/s1600/2015-03-09_130153.png

If you want to learn more about this topic and its negative consequences for the economy, here you have two links. The firts one is shorter and the second one is more complete: 

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/population-drop-in-spain-a-bad-omen-for-europe/article11533946/

http://www.economonitor.com/edwardhugh/2015/03/10/why-is-spains-population-loss-an-economic-problem/

Population pyramids

Here you have some videos about population pyramids and what they teach us about the demographic situation of a country:

Some extra information about infant mortality rate

Here you have three short videos about infant mortality rate, which is more precise to explain the real situation of healthcare in a country. If you pay attention to the firts video, you will discover that the countries with the highest infant mortality rate are among the LEDCs. These countries have lack of hospitals and doctors, suffer malnutrition, pregnancies are not controlled by the doctors and many children die under the age of 1. But the two following videos show that the USA infant mortality rate is higher than the average of the MEDCs. And this is why their healthcare system is not good. Patients receive only the cares they can pay and many families can't afford paying a good insurance. This case shows how important a good an accessible healthcare system is to reduce mortality among the most vulnerable people, children. 

China's one-child policy

Here you have some links and short videos to learn more about China's one-child policy and why the Chinese government decided to abandon it last year: -These three links explain why the Chinese government decided to intervene in order to reduce birth rate in China and the results of this anti-natalist policy:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/population/managing_population_rev3.shtml

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-34667551

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151113-datapoints-china-one-child-policy/ 


 - This video explains 10 important key data about China's one-child policy:

   

 - A short explanation of why China left the one-child policy in October 2015:

 

 - These two videos focus on the consequences of the anti-natalist policy over ordinary people. ageing population, only children and secret children with no rights:

 

Pro-natalist and anti-natalist policies

Here you have a short video made by some foreign students that summarizes demographic policies:

 

Countries with the highest and lowest birth rate

Here you have some short videos to learn about the countries with the highest and lowest birth rate in the world:

Some videos about world population and its future

These videos explain very interesting facts about world population growth. If you watch them, you will quickly understand that the main demographic problem in the world is IMBALANCE: 

 

Some videos about the Demographic Transition model

Here you have some easy videos to review the contents about the Demographic Transition model. There is a song too!

And this is the song. Click on the image to be redirected to the link on Youtube (the author doesn't allow the embedding of the video in other websites: 

If 100 people lived on Earth...

Have a look on this video to understand the differences and unequal distribution of resources and possibilities in world population:

Presentation for Unit 2: Demography

This is the presentation we are going to use to learn the contents about population:

Some data about the colonization of the Indies and slavery

Smallpox epidemics, Codex Florentinus

Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Florentinoviruela.JPG?uselang=es

As we have studied today, the contact between the Europeans and the peoples of the Americas was catastrophic for the last ones. Although there was a number of natives who died fighting against the conquerors, most of them died from diseases transmitted by the Europeans. The Indies were "virgin soil" for many European diseases, which became lethal for the native Americans. Estimates calculate a demographic loss from 70 to 90 % of the total population of the continent. The population of the Americas didn´t recover until 1800, three centuries after the beginning of the conquest, but including the Europeans who had migrated to the Indies and the slaves forced to leave Africa. The impact was such that the natives were not the majority of the American population any more. 

Advertisement of a slave auction in Virginia, British colony in North America, in 1769

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slave_Auction_Ad.jpg

When the natives started dying, the Europeans replaced them by black slaves brought from Africa forcedly. Around 12 million slaves crossed the Atlantic Ocean to work in the plantations and mines owned by the Europeans and their descendants.Many of them died during the voyage (25%). Slavery started in the Castilian and Portuguese colonies in 1502, became an important part of triangular trade and it didn´t finish until the end of the 19th century: in the USA slavery was abolished after the Civil War (1861-1865). Spain definitively abolished slavery in its colonies of the Caribbean Sea between 1873 (Puerto Rico) and 1880 (Cuba). 

Figures have been extracted from the book LIVI BACCI, Massimo, Los estragos de la conquista. Quebranto y declive de los indios de América, Editorial Crítica, Barcelona, 2006. (English version: Conquest: the destruction of the American Indios, Polity, 2008).

More information about the Columbian exchange and demographic catastrophe for the native Americans:

http://www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/us/mod01_pop/context.html

http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/columbianb.htm

Some important figures in the abolition campaign in the United Kingdom: 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/

Interactive map about slavery: 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/map/index.shtml