Church of Saint'Ivo alla Sapienza, Borromini

This church was commissioned by the Pope Urban VIII. It was built between 1642 and 1660 in Rome. It's made of gypsum and stucco. 

The church has an hexagonal floor plan in the center of the church. The floor plan was adapted because before it existed a palace before. Borromini built a dome with convex and concave lines.

Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SantIvo_Drawing_09.jpg

Souce: https://azukarillo.wordpress.com/2012/03/01/cupula-de-santivo-alla-sapienza-de-borromini/

The facade is totally convex and there is a patio surrounded by columns. In the facade you can see a lot of small windows.

Source: http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Rome%20&%20Central%20Italy/Rome/Rome_Churches/SantIvo_alla_Sapienza/Sant_Ivo.htm

We can observe many of the Baroque features in this building: predominance of movement, interest in surprising or moving the audience by provoking feelings in them, use of symbols...

Sources:

• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant'Ivo_alla_Sapienza
  
• http://masarteaun.blogspot.com.es/2011/04/borrominisant-ivo-alla-sapienza-1642-50.html
  
• http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/barroco-exponentes/barroco-exponentes.shtml#D
  
• http://wiki.ead.pucv.cl/index.php/Sant%27Ivo_alla_Sapienza
  

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, by Francesco Borromini

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

built by Francesco Borromini and swiss architect)

source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Borromini.jpg

This is a church,an iconic masterpiece of Baroque architecture situated in Rome and built in 1638-19641. It was built to the Spanish Trinitarians.

The material of the church were poor by gypsum and stucco.

 source: :http://search.iminent.com/SearchTheWeb/v6/3082/toolbox/Result.aspx#q=San%20Carlo%20alle%20Quattro%20Fontane%20Francesco%20Borromini&s=images&p=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane#mediaviewer/File:Dome_San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane_2006.jpg

- in the interiot of the church: The church integrates with the ground floor of the convent, as mentioned, and it is convenient to describe the overall layout. he three principal parts can be identified vertically as the lower order at ground level, the transition zone of the pendentives and the oval coffered dome with its oval lantern.


There were two altars, one of them is the Sant Michel Sanctis, and the other dedicate to Saint John Baptist of the Conception.There are sixteen columns in groups of 4, whit this the architect try to create an sensation of movement, and between columns there are niches, mouldings, and doors The church had a small chapel , the cloisters (it was designed by Borromini but it was built in 1635 but it was ended in 1644) a high school and a campanary(this camp nary was destroy and rebuild in 1670), whit an square plant.

source: http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/italy/rome/carlofontane/0090.jpg

In the facade decoration they had to stop to wait to de built of the statue saint Carlo in the principal niche.

the façade or the church is dividing into two sotreleys, each one has three bays. The desing of the façade is veritable example of the architect’s predilection for convex and concave forms.The lower has convex central bay and the concave lateral bays. They had 4 ionic colums with capitals, which adorned with shells and festoons

Borromini didn’t have too much space to built the church, so there was small but the ingenuity of the architect combination of the poor material and the small of the space made it a so beautiful.

*and here some beautiful images of the church facade:


http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/italy/rome/carlofontane/carlino.html

webs I use:

http://romafelix.com/scarlino.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane

http://romanchurches.wikia.com/wiki/San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane

Main Square of Salamanca, Alberto Churriguera

https://www.flickr.com/photos/marcp_dmoz/4505026416/

The Main Square of Salamanca was built by the architect Alberto Churriguera in Salamanca, Spain, as an imitation of the Main Square of Madrid, but as Churriguera died before, Andrés García de Quiñones finished the square. It belongs to the Baroque period in the Hispanic Monarchy and its construction was agreed in 1710 while Philip V was staying in Salamanca. He wanted to reward the city for its loyalty in the War of Spanish Succession. The construction started in 1729 and it ended in 1755. The built of the Square was commissioned by the Gentleman Mayor Rodrigo y Llanes and the main function of the Square was to regularize the space and at the same time to create a place for public meetings. The material used for the building was the stone from Villamayor (this was a very usual material used in buildings because it was very easy to manipulate)

Churriguera’s work of art has a trapezoidal shape (it isn’t a perfect square), the area is about 6,500 m2 and it has 3 floors. In the facade, there are a total of 88 semicircular arches which have 89 medallions. These medallions have the faces of some kings, conquistadors… All of them were made by the sculptor Alejandro Carnicero. Talking about the facade, we appreciate that the wall has a total of 247 balconies and that it has a lot of ornamental motifs: medallions, canopies… so, this made the Main Square of Salamanca’s façade a more decorative facade that the one of the Main Square of Madrid.

http://www.photaki.es/foto-madrid-plaza-mayor-vista-de-dos-de-sus-fachadas_190395.htm

               

http://otraorillahistoria.forosactivos.net/t3046p20-arquitectura-y-urbanismo-1-

mitad-s-xviii

As the Churriguera’s work belongs to the Baroque period, we can appreciate some of the characteristics of the buildings of this period, for example:

1.  Decorative exuberance in the interior and the exterior of the building
2.  There are curved lines
3.  The statues in the roof, the facade, the balconies... all this has Baroque features.
4.  Some columns have Corinthian style
5.  The building has uniformity and homogeneity (except the town hall)
6.  Other Baroque features are the semicircular pediments over the windows and the grandeur or majesty  of the bug square, similar to French Baroque. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Mayor,_Salamanca

(I have made the red circles and the information on the white gaps)

But The Main Square of Salamanca has also some features that aren't the ones of the Baroque, for example some columns inspired in the classical era and the type of floor plan wasn't typical of the Baroque.

SOURCES

    
- Book of “Artis, Historia del Arte (Bachillerato Segundo Curso)”

- http://www.salamancaturistica.com/salamanca/monumentos_plazamayor.php


- http://www.jdiezarnal.com/plazamayordesalamanca.html

- “Espasa enciclopedia”

Square and Colonnade of Saint Peter’s basilica, Bernini.

This architectural work is placed at the Vatican City, in Rome, Italy. It is a massive square located in front of St. Peter’s Basilica. At the center of the square there is an Egyptian obelisk, erected at the current place in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini was the man who designed this marvelous architecture, including the colonnades and a granite fountain. The construction of this architectural work was between 1656 and 1667. It was reformed after the construction of the basilica. It’s part of a religious building and enclosing the square, there is a colonnade that contains 140 statues of saints and martyrs of the catholic history.

The commissioner of this architectural work was the Pope.

The open space placed before the basilica was redesigned by Bernini from 1565 to 1667, he was directed by the Pope Alexander VII. Bernini had worked in the interior of the basilica a lot of time, for decades. It was an urban architecture with religious symbolism.

The square has a trapezoidal and elliptical shape. Bernini did this shape in order to create a heightened perspective, and people always have praised it as a masterpiece of Baroque.

In the middle of the square there is a big Egyptian obelisk of red granite of 25.5 meters tall supported on bronze lions. The obelisk, at first, was originally erected at Heliopolis, an important city of the Ancient Egypt, and it has been successfully moved three times. The Vatican Obelisk is the only obelisk in Rome that has not toppled since ancient Roman times. In the square there were also two fountains, one designed by Bernini and the other one designed by Carlo Maderno. The surface of the square was of 340 x 240 metres.

In his colonnade, Bernini used the Tuscan (form) and the Doric order. The Tuscan colonnades are four deep colonnades. And there were 244 Doric columns. The idea was to show a strict and austere aspect to give more importance to the Basilica’s façade. This will increase the size when you look at it. The materials used to build the colonnade were stones and marble. They are 15 meters tall.

In the colonnades there is an important characteristic of Baroque art: Bernini tries to represent movement with the ovato tondo’s long axis, that was parallel to the basilica's façade. The colonnades form the square, also known as “piazza”. This colonnades define the space and mask a large selection of Vatican structures.

The paving is composed of radiating lines in travertine marble to relieve what might otherwise be a sea of cobblestones. In 1817 circular stones were used to mark the noon with this circulars stones’ shadows. For this reason, we can deduce that the obelisk is a giant sun clock.

In general, the theme of this work was religious, such as in the Baroque works of art.

A curious piece of information about this, is that the Palace of the Concorde was made by copying the square of Saint Peter’s Basilica, and the obelisk and the fountains of this palace are placed exactly in the same place that the obelisk and the fountains of the square of this basilica.

And here you have a photo of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Sources of the information:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square

From this site web, I have read some things but I have not included anything: 

http://es.slideshare.net/claracan/plaza-y-baslica-de-san-pedro-4041134

http://www.disfrutaroma.com/plaza-san-pedro

Sources of the pictures:

http://www.loquehayqueverenitalia.es/la-plaza-de-san-pedro-en-el-vaticano/

http://de.yoyowall.com/wallpaper/piazza-san-pietro.html

http://www.venamimundo.com/GrandesPersonajes/Bernini.html

http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/b/bernini.htm

I have used wordreference too to look for the meaning of words I didn’t know. 

http://www.wordreference.com/

4th November (Tuesday)

Hello!
Today in the class of Social Sciences Paqui explained us the instructions for the Baroque Project. We all have two works (that can be work of architecture, sculptures and paintings). This two works have been chosed by our teacher. We have to write an individual post on both works writing the information about they.After this Paqui has revised our homework for today, that was to complete a scheme from the Baroque Art with the book's contets.

When she finished to revise, we started to correct this scheme that have five parts:

Chronology: This style was developed in the 17th century and a part of the 18th century.

General features: This style had movement; realism representations; complexity; interest in surprising the audience; curved lines, concave and convex; and predominance of colour and light over drawing. And Paqui explained us that this style had just the opposite characteristics of the Renaissance Art.

Architecture: The architecture in this style had curved lines, spirals, ellipticand oval floor plans, solomonic colums, contrast of lights and shadows... Paqui drawn the diferents componets of the architecture. And then we seen some examples of this, like the square and colonnade of saint Peter of the vatican by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, in Italy and the Versailles palace by Le vau, Mansar  and le nótre, in France.

                                           
http://www.arqhys.com/contenidos/versalles-palacio.html


http://fr.academic.ru/dic.nsf/frwiki/707863

Sculpture: The purpouse in this style was representing movement, capturing feeting movements, provoking surprise and emotion in the public. And we seen also examples, like Apolo and Daphne by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Paqui us the history of this sculpture when Daphne flee from Apolo and become a tree. And Fontana Di Trevi, by Nicolas Salvi, where the people throw coins.

http://mitosandmyths.blogspot.com.es/2012/09/apolo-y-dafne-presentacion-de-los.html


http://sobreitalia.com/2008/05/08/la-fontana-di-trevi-encanto-historico-y-cinematografico/

Painting: The features were use oil painting, predominance of colour over drawing use warm colours, contrast o light and shadows, realism, movement, complex, compositions in order to sock the audience...And also we seen some examples, like Death of the Virgin, by Caravaggio that was an estrange painting because the painter have used a young prostitute for represent the old Virgin, and The calling of Saint Matthew also by Caravaggio.
   
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte_de_la_Virgen_(Caravaggio)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Calling_of_St_Matthew_(Caravaggio)

And we copied some words in the glossary:
to sock-impactar
solomic column-solomonica
baldachin-baldaquin
ball room-salón de baile
to flee-huir
fleeting-fugaz
solemn-solemne
fold-pliegue
cloth fold-pliegue de los tejidos
newt-tritón
oil painting-óleo
foreshortened figure-escorzo

And have an exam next friday so we have to study a lot!

Bye!