There is a channel on Youtube that includes significant scenes of the TV series Carlos, Rey Emperador dubbed to English. Here I'm including some of them. If you want, you can have a deeper look to the channel
CHARLES I ARRIVES IN CASTILE
KING CHARLES IS SEDUCED BY HIS STEPGRANDMOTHER
CHARLES I IS ELECTED EMPEROR OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
REVOLT OF THE COMUNEROS IN CASTILE
WARS WITH FRANCE: FRENCH DEFEAT IN THE BATTLE OF PAVIA
CONQUEST OF TUNIS
WAR AGAINST THE SCHMALKALDIC LEAGUE: BATTLE OF MÜHLBERG
CHARLES I's ABDICATION
DEATH IN YUSTE
Philip II also appears in the series. Here are some of his most important scenes:
PRINCE PHILIP'S MARRIAGE TO Mª MANUELA OF PORTUGAL
CHARLES I's DECISION TO MARRY PRINCE PHILIP TO MARY I OF ENGLAND
PHILIP II'S VICTORY IN THE BATTLE OF SAINT QUENTIN
And here are some scenes of the conquest of the Indies:
HERNÁN CORTÉS CONQUERS THE AZTEC EMPIRE
BROTHER BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS DEFENDS THE AMERINDIANS
NEW LAWS OF THE INDIES
VALLADOLID DEBATE BETWEEN LAS CASAS AND SEPÚLVEDA
If you want to watch other significant pieces of the TV series, this is the link to the Youtube channel:
Here you have some orientation for your comic strip about the Austrias in the 16th century:
- As the project consists of an autobiography told by both monarchs, you should make a research about Charles I and Philip II's lives to add some personal information about these two figures: their family, their children, their loves (if they had them), their hobbies, some anecdotes... Here you have some links in Spanish about Charles I and Philip II:
- As for the content, it has to be historically accurate. This means that you can't forget about the historical facts and the main events and problems of each reign. You have to include them. Include also the main facts about the Indies in each reign:
Charles I's reign: a short summary of the discoveries and conquests done during the Catholic Monarchs' reign and after this, the conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, the explorations developed during his reign, the creation of the main administrative institutions (vicerroyalties), the New Laws of the Indies to protect the natives from exploitation after Bartolomé de las Casas complaints...
Philip II's reign: here you should include the addition of the Philippines (called this way to honour Philip II) and you could also explain the exploitation systems and colonial society in the Indies.
Historical accuracy doesn0t mean that the script has to be boring. You can introduce humour and some jokes to make it funnier.
- In Philip II's reign there was a dark episode with his secretary Antonio Pérez. Here you have some extra information from the presentation I prepared for 2nd Bachillerato. You don't have to add all this, but summarize this episode in Philip II's reign:
- Look up for paintings where Charles I and Philip II appear in order to keep some physical similarities with the characters you draw. These paintings can also be useful for you to draw the scenes' decoration.
- You don't need to make perfect drawings. Here you have some examples and advice about how to draw comic strips with stickmen:
On the 7th October 1571 the Holy League fleet captained by John of Austria defeated Suleyman the Magnificent's fleet in the Gulf of Lepanto, near the coast of Greece. This battle was decissive, because it stopped the Turk threat in the Eastern Mediterranean,
As you know, Miguel de CErvantes participated in the battle and was injured in his left hand. The reason why he participated in the battle was because he had enlisted in the navy in Italy in 1570. We don't know for sure why he was in Italy at the moment, but he might have fled there to avoid being arrested for having participated in a duel and injured his oponent, Cervntes described the Battle of Lepanto as “the highest and most memorable occasion that past and future centuries will ever hope to see”. Hopefully, Cervantes didn't die there and he could write the Quixote.
Hello my classmates! I'm Pablo and this is my first journal of the year.
Today is Tuesday so we have started the lesson at the 4th period, after the break time.
We have started remembering briefly what we spoke about yesterday, Philip II, and after this we have completed its scheme which was our homework today.
When we have finished with Philip II the teacher Paqui has asked who wanted to do the journal, but there hasn't been voluntaries but I said that I could, so here I am.
We have continued speaking about the revolts in the Low Countries and how Philip II gave this territory to his daughter Isabel Clara Eugenia but as she didn't have any descendat, it returned to the Hispanic Empire and the revolts restarted. Then we have spoke about the wars against France and the conflicts with England because:
They supported the Protestants in the Low Countries' revolt.
The English privateers (or corsairs) attacked the Fleets which came from the Indies.
Philip II supported Mary, the Catholic Queen of Scotland, to the detriment of the Anglican Elizabeth.
Finally we have talked about the wars against the Ottoman Turks and to finish the lesson we have started speaking about Philip II's children. Paqui has spent a lot of time explaining this because Philip II's family is a really big mess because of imbreeding!! Philip II had four wives:
María Manuela of Portugal (Philip II's cousin). He had one son with her, Charles who was mental disable so he couldn't be Philip II's heir.
Mary I of England (Philip II's aunt), they didn't have any descendant.
Elisabeth of Valois, and they had two daughters, Isabel Clara Eugenia and Catalina Micaela.
Anna of Austria (Phlip II's niece), and they had one daughter, María, and four sons: Ferdinand (who died at 6), Carlos Lorenzo (who died at 2), Diego Félix (who died at 7) and Phlip, who finally would become king as Philip III of Spain.
Hello everybody!
Today in class we have finished the scheme of the Charles I's reign. We have studied the external problems: Revolt of the germanias in Aragon, from 1521 to 1523, and the revolt of Comuneros in 1521. Jose Mari and Amalia have corrected this and I didn't have it so I have a negative. After this Paqui has started to explain the Charles I's sucession. In 1556, he abdicated and his heritage was divided between his brother Ferdinand(emperor) and his son Philipp(the rest except Burgundy). He retired to the monastery of Yuste, where he died in 1558. Later we have copied like a scheme about the Philipp II's reign(1556-1598) We have copied his heritage and his territories added, but we haven't had time to copy the government and the objetives of his reign and problems, so we have to finish at home. After this we have gone to the breaktime, because we have social sciences at 3th hour. Also in class we have copied some words on the glossary:
-Low rank noble: Noble de categoría inferior
-to changue side: Cambiar de bando
-Barbary pirates: piratas berberiscos
- to siege: sitiar
-peace of Ausburg: paz de Ausburgo
-Habsburg: hasburgo(dinasty)
-To stink/suck: Apestar
Here you have an image of Philipp II,:
One of the most curious spaces of the Royal Monastery of El Escorial is the royal crypt, where many of the former monarchs of the Hispanic Monarchy and Spain are buried. As we studied, the monastery was built by Philip II, who conceived it as his residence ans also as resting place for him and the members of his family. That's why he ordered the construction of a crypt or pantheon beneath the church.
A. Altar of the Basilica
B. Burial place
C. Crypt (Panteón de Reyes, s. XVII)
D. Choir of the Chapel (Panteón de Infantes, s. XVII)
The crypt contains 26 marble sepulchers plus two additional ones over the entrance and it's reserved for the ruling monarchs and and their spouses. The monarchs' tombs are on one side and their spouses are on the opposite side. Isabella II is the only queen on the monarchs' side and Francisco de Asís' tomb, her husband, is located on the spouses' side. On the following drawing you can observe the distribution of the tombs: (the monarchs on the left and their spouses on the right):
The first monarchs to be buried there were Philip II's parents, Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. The ruling monarchs who are not buried in the crypt are the following:
- Philip V, buried at La Granja Palace, in Segovia
- Ferdinand VI, buried at the Royal Monastery of Las Salesas Reales, in Madrid. As his wife Bárbara of Braganza didn't have children, she didn't have the right to be buried in El Escorial (the spouses only have the right to rest there if they were mothers/fathers of kings) and she was buried in Madrid. Ferdinand VI decided to rest with her
- Joseph I and Amadeus I, foreign monarchs who didn't finish their reign in Spain
The last monarchs to be buried in the crypt were Alphonse XIII and his wife Victoria Eugenia. There are two tombs reserved for Juan of Borbón and his wife Mª de las Mercedes, King Juan Carlos I's parents. They didn't reign, but as they were the king's parents, they are going to be buried on the right side.
There is a rotting room (el "pudridero"), where the corpses of the dead remain for some years until they can be placed inside the funerary urns. At the moment, the King's parents are in this rotting room. This is the only existing picture of the rotting room:
Other members of the royal family (infantes, infantas and the queens who were not mothers of a king) are buried in the Pantheon of Infantes, which includes several rooms that host around 100 corpses. There is a curious tomb, with the shape of a birthday cake, reserved for the infants who died before having received the first communion. Here you have it:
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel (1507-1582), the third Duke of Alba, was one of the best generals who worked to Charles I and Philip II's orders. He participated in the conquest of Tunis and in the Battle of Mühlberg as well. He was also in charge of the government of several parts of the Hispanic Monarchy, such as the Duchy of Milan, Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Portugal. But his role in the Low Countries was so authoritarian that he was known as the "Iron Duke" and his decisions contributed to the origin of the Black Legend of the Hispanic Monarchy. even at present he is considered to be as the Bogeyman in the Netherlands.
Philip II sent the Duke of Alba to the Low Countries in 1567 to re-establish public order after the Storm of the Images. The Duke created the Council of Troubles to punish the ringleaders of the religious protests. But the actions of this council were so drastic that people called it the Council of Blood: around 12,000 people were prosecuted and 1,000 of them were executed. This policy and the tax increase (10% tax on all sales) to supply the troops led to a general revolt in the Low Countries. The local nobles formed an army and started fighting against Alba. On the 1st April 1572 the Dutch rebels got their first importany victory against Alba's troops, when they seized the city of Brielle. This victory is taught to the Dutch children with a rhyming phrase: “Op 1 april verloor Alva zijn bril”, which means "On April 1, Alba lost his glasses" ("Brielle" sounds very similar to "bril", glasses, in Dutch). The 1st of April is April Fools' Day in the Netherlands. So the Dutch have a double commemoration on that day.
Since then, the Duke of Alba´s name has been used to frighten the Dutch children and even at present he is considered to be as the Bogeyman in the Netherlands. His name is used to scare children or to threaten them when they don´t want to do something, such as eating the soup or going to bed early. They tell them: The Duke of Alba is coming!
Yesterday we talked about the consequences of maintaining big empires: huge armies to subjugate the different peoples and defend the territories, high administration costs... Philip II´s heritage entailed a lot of responsibilities and huge expenses. During his rule the Hispanic Monarchy went bankrupt four times: in 1557, 1560, 1576 and 1596. Although big quantities of precious metals arrived from the Indies every year, this was not enough to cover the war expenses and the State couldn´t pay its debts. The Fuggers, a familiy of German bankers who worked with the Hispanic Monarchy since Charles V´s times, went also bankrupt when Philip II couldn´t pay his debts. The creditors had to accept that they couldn´t receive all their money (debt deduction). This is what we call debt restructuring: reducing the money the debtors had to give back, changing the period of payment, giving them more time to pay...
The Hispanic Monarchy was the first State to go bankrupt. During Philip III´s rule, there were two more defaults in 1598 and 1607. The same happened during Philip IV´s rule in 1627, 1647, 1652 and 1662. There was a last Habsburg default in 1666 during Charles II´s reign, which led to a monetary reform to control inflation and stabilize prices. The first Bourbons controlled the economic situation during the 18th century, but expenses rocketed in the 19th century, due to several wars, and sovereign defaults came back in 1809, 1820, 1831, 1834, 1851, 1867, 1872 and 1882. The last Spanish default took place during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Spain holds the historical record of sovereign defaults.
If you think about the present situation in Greece, you can imagine how things were here everytime the State went bankrupt. So, what do you think? Are Empires worth it?
Here you have some interesting links to learn more about sovereign defaults:
- List of countries which went bankrupt and had to restructure their debt:
Here you have two presentations: - the presentation we used last Wednesday to study Charles I´s Empire. We´ll also use it tomorrow to study Philip II´s rule. - another presentation we´ll use to study the decline of the Hispanic Empire in the 17th century. It also includes contents about Absolute Monarchy, the Thirty Years´ War and the English Revolutions. As I always tell you, have a look on them to complete your notes..
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