Friday, 17th June

Hi everyone,

I’m sorry for uploading the journal today, but yesterday I had to deal with some unexpected problems. I hope you understand me.

Well, yesterday in Social Sciencies we reviewed the content of Fascist Italy and we went on with the presentation. We saw how Mussolini took the power of Italy (in my opinion he got it very, but very easily and also stupid. The king had to be on drugs or something because this wasn’t normal). Anyway, Mussolini was the typical dictator (as asshole as the others) who impose his ideology to all the State. He wasn’t a liberal, he used violence to get what he wanted, he wanted everybody to obey, believe and fight. This last point reminded me to religions, I don’t know why (I actually do).

http://skepticism-images.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/jreviews/Mussolini-1940.02.07.jpg

In a date I don’t remember, there was a man whose name I don’t know, that annoyed them in the Parliament because he was always there, outside, taking notes and telling everybody the truth about what was happening. Mussolini squad kidnapped him and killed him, and later Mussolini took the responsibility of his death but nothing happened. In this part of the lesson I was amazed: I mean, everybody knew that he killed the man but no one really cared. Are we mad?

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09844,_Mussolini_in_Mailand.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-09844,_Mussolini_in_Mailand.jpg

Another anecdote was that Mussolini was atheist, although he signed peace with the Church and he let the Church have their own State. Hypocrisy? Where?

http://www.nuevatribuna.es/media/nuevatribuna/images/2015/08/25/2015082512263283856.jpg

In Italy, as they wanted to be self-sufficient, they produced all by their own and this meant that there were periods where food wasn’t abundant, so they made advertisements saying that people should eat more rice for example, because it was super healthy or things like that, but in reality this was because they only had rice to eat and they didn’t want anybody to be aware of this. Something similar happened with coffee.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/289/289891/coffee.jpg

The members of the Parliament who didn’t belong to the Fascist Party had to leave (they only were 1/3 of all the seats of the Parliament) because most of them were persecuted and sent to jail. This way, the fascists didn’t have opponents.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gran_Consiglio_Fascismo.jpg/300px-Gran_Consiglio_Fascismo.jpg

They also taught children to leave in a dictatorship. When I watched the images of the children wearing soldiers’ uniforms, I turned a little bit sad.

http://histclo.com/youth/youth/image/imgnat/fascisti01s.jpg

When we finished with Fascist Italy we started with Nazi Germany. The first thing we studied was the period of time where Germans printed a lot of money to pay the debt of the war. This was so ridiculous that even children played with the notes. To buy a lettuce, for example, they had to carry sacs of money because the value of the currency was very low. At the end they had to burn everything and create new money.

http://www.kevinpezzi.com/blog/images/German_mark_kids_playing_with.jpg

We started also watching something about Hitler, but not so much. We saw that there was a photo manipulated where Hitler seemed to appear but in reality he wasn’t there. This was made to show people that Hitler was very nationalist. 

https://gabriellebossy.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/hitler14.jpg?w=480&h=270&crop=1

Monday, 13rd June 2016

Monday, in social sciences class, we had to make exam of unit seven and eigh.
The exam was consists of five exercises:

• The first exercise it was to choose four words and explain all that you know.
• The second exercise was about incomplete sentences that have holes and your taperworms to complete.
• The third exercise was about choose to develop one of the options you preference, you can choose one of two
• The fourth exercise was a true and false about USA, and if the questions were false had to correct
• And the fifth and last exercise was to develop a question from USA

The exam is easy if you study a lot

Tuesday, 14th of June

Hi mates!
In less than one week we are in holidays, so today is my last time to do the journal. Let's start to review.
At the beginning of the lesson Paqui has given us the examns. She has corrected with us the exercise 2 and 4. I have obtained a good mark, so I'm happy.

Then María has asked Paqui about Franco. because Maria's grandmother told her about him. Paqui has said that during the republic women and men had the same rights while  the Dictatorship of Franco the women couldn't do anything without the consent of their spouse, divorse was not allowed and few women studied, worked and married .

Some minutes later Paqui has written on the blackboard the  ''Chronology of Spain in the 20th century''

--> Alphonse XIII (from 1903 to 1931)
--> Second Republic (from 1931 to 1936)
--> Coup D'Etat ( 18th of July1936 )
--> Civil War ( from 1936 to  to 1939)
--> Franco's dictatorship (from 1939 to 1975 )
--> Transition to democracy (from 1975 to 1982)
--> Democracy (from 1982 to present)

After that we have spoken about the ''Femenine Section''. It was a manuel that explains how women had to be  at Franco's Dictatorship.

Source: http://factoriadesociales.blogspot.com.es/2012/07/guia-de-la-buena-esposa.html

Mussolini and Hitler had the same ideas than Franco. Hirler's slogan for women was: KINDER, KIRCHE & KÜCHE (children, church and kitchen)

Suddenly my mates have started to speak about what Veet says.  ''if women don't shave, they are not women''.All of  the girls of my class have revolted. Now, there are associations created by model like Madonna against shave. Doctors don't recommend to shave your joints. All the people do this because it's fashion.

Source: http://modaellos.com/como-depilarse-las-piernas-hombres-sin-morir-en-el-intento/

Write your opinion downstairs. 

If you want to learn abour the History of Spain in the 20th century and Francoism you should read books of  historians, like ''50 causas que debes saber sobre la historia de España'' (50 causes that you have to know about the history of Spain ) & ''Bulldozer negro del general Franco''. They are not expensive, if you like that you should by one of them or both.

Source: http://www.libros-antiguos-alcana.com/ficha-50+cosas+que+hay+que+saber+sobre+historia+de+espana-gil+andres+carlos-715399

Source: http://libros.fnac.es/a1209949/Bulldozer-negro-del-general-franco

Finally Paqui started conplaining one more time about  that we only have 3h per week  and with this time she couldn't teach us the 15 units.

VOCABULARY

-sprinster - solterona

-shave - depilarse

SEE YOU NEXT YEAR, BYEE!

Art project

Church of Sainte Madeleine

This building was designed by Pierre Alexandre Vignon between 1807 and 1827. This type of architecture belongs to the the New Classicism. Napoleon was who ordered the construction of this church, this was a temple for the glory of the French Army. This church has the structure of a Greek temple, it has high columns, on it there is a pediment with the figure of people sculpted, its doors have a lot of details too, in the interior you can see domes paintings and sculptures of angels. The basic material used was stone sculpted to make the characteristic details of this style. This church belongs to the New-Classicism because of the details it has, for example the use of columns and pillars, the domes, the pediment and its arches.

Two old men eating soup

This painting was made by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, a Spanish painter who was born in Zaragoza, Fuendetodos in 1746. He made this painting between the 1819 and 1823. It doesn’t belong to a general style, this is one of the Black Paintings which he painted when he retired to a house on the banks of the river Manzanares called house of the Deaf Man, he startied painting on this way when he became deaf, because of this illness his paintings became more cirtical and introspective ans colours were darker, that is why they were called Blaack Paintings. He didn’t paint this work because someone connisioned him to do it, he made paintings on the walls of his house when Ferdinand VII came back and he lost his job, on that period he became completely isolated. On it there are two old men painted. The man who is on the left is smiling, he  has got a spoon in his right hand, I can also see that the two men are looking at their left, the two men are bold, the two man are covered with something which seems to be like a bed sheet, on the bed sheet there is a plate with soup, the man who is on the right has no eyes, the whole background is black. It was made by a technique called oil painting. On this painting no one knows who the men are, some people think they are witches but we can't know it exactly because Goya didn't put a name to this paintings. This painting belongs to the dark paintings of Goya, these ones are featured by being painted with dark colours like grey, black…

The puddler

This sculpture was made by Constantin Meunier, a Belgian painter who was born in Etterbeek. He made this sculpture in 1885. This work belongs to the Naturalist style, the last stage of Realism. On this sculpture I can see a man who is sitting, he is wearing a hat, trousers and boots, the whole sculpture is brown, this is because of the material used to make it. It is sculpted on bronze. This sculpture shows a worker, this is one of the sculptures he made when he came back to Belgium. We can say this sculpture belongs to the Naturalism because of the details it has and its theme, the work, this is one of the main themes of realism.

Some videos about Italian Fascism and Nazi Germany

Here you have some short videos about Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany


MUSSOLINI: EARLY LIFE AND RISE TO POWER

MUSSOLINI'S ITALY

Two short videos:

APOCALYPSE: THE RISE OF HITLER

 

APOCALYPSE: THE FÜHRER

 

Novecento

This is a very good film to understand the context in which Fascism appeared in Italy. The name of the film in English is 1900 (Twentieth Century). It was released in 1976 and the main roles were performed by Gerard Depardieu, Robert de Niro and Burt Lancaster.

PART ONE

 PART TWO

And here you have the link to the full version in Spanish, just in case you are interested in watching it: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDYH2AXW3VU

Thursday, 9th June 2016

One more time Lucía is here to explain you what we have done today, so if today you have been sleeping or something, now you can revise!!
First of all, Paqui has said us that we have already finished the contents of the exam, that's, the Russian Revolutions and the USA, so we have started with Fascist Italy. 

Source: http://articulatingideas.blogspot.com.es/2015/06/what-is-fascism.html

After WW1, Italy wasn't satisfied with the territories they had received, so all the Irredentisti asked for more territories (mutilated victory).

Source: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irredentismo_italiano

At this time, Italy was a monarchy with Victor Emmanuel III as king, and some postwar problems took place, which were the reason for the beginning of some extremist ideologies during the Two Red Years. The extremists were supported by the bourgeoisie because they feared the revolution.

                 

Source: https://softmorningcity.wordpress.com/tag/dh-lawrence/ 

source: timerome.com

Now we are going to talk about another beautiful person: Mussolini. Mussolini was a former Socialist who had been expelled from the party foor supporting the participation of Italy in the WW1, so he created the Fasci Italini di Combattimento in 1919. It was an extreme right group who had a paramilitary group called thee Blackshirts because they used black shirts to be recognized. They used to use violence for everything, even to threat workers. But they could do this because they were supported by shock troops.

MUSSOLINI, source: wikipedia.org

BLACKSHIRTS, source: pinterest.com

They also had an emblem copied from the Roman Empire. It's the fasces. The name Fascist comes from here.

Source: commons.wikipedia.org

They later created a National Fascist Party (1921), characterized by rejecting every existing ideology. Proposals: antidemocratic, antiparliamentary, anti-communist ideology, defense of the private property, strong State, agressive foreign policy and the use of violence. They got the support of the petty bourgeoisie, big landowners and industrialists abd they were tolerated by the Church and the King, but as the majority of the voters were workers they didn't obtain good results in the elections.

After this, they prepared a demonstration of their force to the State (March on Rome). Fascists demanded power and threatened with using violence against the government. The king feared this and instead sending them to prison, he gave power to the Fascists, (Congrats, Victor, you're stupid).

Source: wikipedia.org

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Apart  from this, we have been talking about the insects plague we have in our houses right now. They go to the light, so close your windows!!!! Take also care if you go to Sout America because as you know, Zika is happening. It can cause microcephaly in babies.

Source: bbc.com

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NEW VOCABULARY:

Mutilated victory: Victoria mutilada.

Bitter: Amargo.

Unredeemed territories: Territorios irredentos.

The Two Red Years: Bienio rojo.

Corporal: Cabo.

Paramilitary: Paramilitar.

Blackshirts: Camisas negras.

Shock troops: Tropas de choque.

Emblem: Símbolo.

March on Rome: Marcha sobre Roma.

Demonstration: Manifestación. 

Cocky: Chulito, gallito.

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RECOMENDATION OF THE DAY: 

FILM: Novecento.

Source: www.filmaffinity.com

Tuesday, 7th of June

Hello mates, I’m María, and I’m going to explain what we have made today. Today in Social Sciences we have learned about the Great Depression: the crisis became worse due to the economic liberalism orthodoxy, that was opposed to the intervention of the State in economy,; the deflationist policy, because they made the prices low in order to improve the consumption; the protectionism, because the USA increased tariffs to protect their industry and international trade contracted, then this crisis was extended to Europe.

Source: http://barbwire.com/2014/06/20/hoover-great-depression/

Paqui has explained us the proposals to solve the crisis, she has said that John Maynard Keynes was a very intelligent man of this period. He was a British economist that proposed solutions like the intervention of the State and the increasing of the public expenses. He though that the State had to create jobs and reduce unemployment and stimulated the production and consumption and reduced the stocks, even when it meant the increasing of the State déficit.

Source: http://quotesgram.com/john-maynard-keynes-quotes/

Also we have learned that Roosevelt’s government launched some emergency laws to reactivate economy, and these decisions were called the three R Program: Reform, Relief and Recovery. The decisions to reactivate economy were, the subsidies for farmers to destroy their stocks and recover prices, the mínimum prices, in order to fight deflaction, and the creation of the Public Works Administration, to build big infraestructures with public Money and create jobs. We have learned about the Social Legislation, which consisted in the Social Security Act,  the National Labour Relations Act, the national mínimum salary, and the abolition of the child labour. Another important reform that was included on the decisions was the Financial Legislation, with the banking reform that was the control of the banks in order to avoid bankrupts; and the creation of the SEC to supervise the Stock Exchange Market and protect investors.

 Paqui has also explained us what’s the meaning of TTIP. It means the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, that were a series of trade negotiations being carried out mostly in secret between the EU and US, and it’s about reducing the regulatory barriers to trade for big business, things like food safety law, environmental legislation, banking regulations and the sovereign powers of individual nations.

Source: http://www.blog.rielcano.org/el-espectador-global-el-ttip-va-frenado/

VOCABULARY

-Bail out: rescatar un banco

-Deflactionist policy: política deflacionista

-Tariffs: aranceles

-New Deal: nuevo reparto

-Relief: alivio

6th of June

Hello! I am Jaime and today is my turn to do the review of the contents which Paqui has explained us.
At the beginning of the lesson, she has given our projects  and the exam to the people who didn't want to do this  project. Then Paqui has said that the people who didn't  pass the project or the exam must  do a project to make up this unit. The new art project is  about the  art of the 18th and 19th century. Paqui has assigned us one example of architecture, another one about sculpture, and one painting and we have to talk about their designer, their style etc.

After this Paqui has started to explain the U.S.A in the interwar periods using the presentation of this unit which you can find here on the blog.
We have started correcting the questions about this content, that  Paqui gave us before the weekend. One question which  my mate Andrei has asked was: What did farmers do to increase  production?
After we has asked some questions Paqui has written a small scheme of this:

- Huge demand for U.S.A products in the USA and also from the European countries
-The American Way of Life became a model for the rest of the world

-Financial bubble and real estate bubble to the increasing demand for stocks and dwellings and the expansion of banking loans.
-The other face of prosperity: Prohibition and development of the mafia and the Ku Klux Klan

-Europe's recovery created an overproduction crisis in the USA: stocks started acumulating farmers and companies, unemployement started increasing in 1927.

-Public evidence of the crisis: Black Thursday (24th october 1929)

Vocabulary:

• Striking: llamativo
• Dwelling: viviendas
• Eviction: desahucio
• Foreclosure: embargo de una propiedad
• Drought: sequía
• Hoovervilles: Poblados chabolistas de Hoover

2nd June 2016

Hi, mates!! Once again it's my turn to do the journal, yeeeiiii (NOPE)

Let's talk about what have we done in class today:
At first we have talked about the "Prosperity and consumer society" and we have connected it with the "American way of life". Then we have continued with " The other face of prosperity" and as example we have Charles Chaplin films, in which most of them he played the role of vagabond. We have had a long discussion with this topic because we have talked about the Prohibition in the USA and Paqui has explained that this caused more problems than solutions. The Prohibition was a moral decission trying to avoid that people become corrupted with the consumption of alcohol. Then María Lucas has asked about the drugs and se have and we have started talking about tobacco and drugs, specially marijuana. Our conclusion is that even though that we know that drugs are bad for us we continue consuming the because the idea of being illegal attract us.

After that Andrei has asked if it was true that the United Kingdom will be separated of the European Union and Paqui has told us about a piece of news in which Gibraltar says that if the United Kingdom leaves the EU it will belong to Spain again. As most of us didn't know where is Gibraltar located we have seen some maps .


This is Gibraltar

Here is Gibraltar

Here you have this link in which you can see different photos of Gibraltar                               

Benjamin, who was there, has told us about the money they use (pounds), their language (Spanish and English) and the monkeys (the unique wild monkeys in Europe) that throw you things.
Paqui has told us that Gibraltar is a tax haven and that there are about 20,000 societies there.


These is the race of monkeys that exist in Gibraltar (Macaca Sylvanus).
And here you have this link that explains why are monkeys in Gibraltar. And if you want more here you can read more about them!

Finally we have talked about the Ku Klux Klan, a racist organization which killed the black people who disappointed white people, specially in the South States.




Do you want to know a curiosity? The Ku Klux Klan has an official page (www.kkk.com) but it's impossible to access!!Why?
But here you have some links which explain these organization:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Ku_Klux_Klan.aspx
http://www.history.com/topics/ku-klux-klan
http://archive.adl.org/learn/ext_us/kkk/history.html?LEARN_Cat=ExtremismLEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_Americaxpicked=4item=kkk


I say bye with this video of a Gibraltar monkey attacking a woman!! BYE!!
HOMEWORK
For homework we have to write 10 questions with their answers from the scheme that Paqui gave us last day.

VOCABULARY
Roaring-> rugiente
Roaring twenties-> felices años 20
Tramp-> vagabundo
Prohibition-> ley seca
Lobby-> pasillo
Lobby²-> try to influence politicians to legislate un someone's favour/ group of people who try to do this
Speakeasy-> bar ilegal
Overproduction crisis-> crisis de superproducción
Profitability-> rentabilidad