Presentation about the Indies

Here you have the presentation about the conquest, administration and exploitation of the Indies. There is some  additional information you should read. 

Challenge number 23

This one will be the last challenge of this year. If you take part in it, you will discover some curious stories about the conquest and colonization of the Indies. Here you have the questions: 

QUESTION 1

After his adventure in the Indies, one of the most famous conquistadors returned to Castile and fruitlessly tried to be received by the Emperor Charles V. One day the conquistador approached to the Emperor´s carriage and mounted on the footstep. Surprised, the Emperor asked who he was. And he replied: "I´m the one who has given you more provinces than your ancestors left you cities". Who was this conquistador?

QUESTION 2

There is another legend about a Castilian conquistador who "discovered" an important territory in the present USA. He was supposed to be looking for the Fountain of Youth. Who was this conquistador? What territory did he discover? Why did the conquistador give this name to this land?

QUESTION 3

Who gave name to the Amazon river? Why was it called "Amazon"?

QUESTION 4 

What was the "asiento"? What was its relationship to the exploitation of the Indies?

Presentation about Charles V and Philip II´s reigns

At Carlos´s request, here you have the presentation we have been using on Unit 8. This presentation doesn´t include the part that corresponds to the conquest, colonization and administration of the Indies. 

Challenge number 22

This week we´ll learn something more about Philip II´s reign. You will have to research on some important figures in Philip II´s  kingdoms. 

QUESTION 1

Who were the leaders of the Moorish revolt of the Alpujarras?

Source: http://arkeologia.blogspot.com/2009/04/la-matanza-de-las-alpujarras.html

QUESTION 2

Who was John of Austria? What was his role in Philip II´s reign?

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Austria

QUESTION 3

Who was Antonio Pérez?  What did he do? Why was he accused by the Inquisition? Was he a real heretic?

Source: http://civitaspacensis.blogspot.com/2010/06/antonio-perez-secretario-de-felipe-ii.html

QUESTION 4

Who was Juan de Lanuza? Why was he executed  by Philip II´s order?

Source: http://www.comarcaacomarca.com/aragoneses-ilustres.html?q=Juan%20de%20Lanuza

QUESTION 5

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel was the third Duke of Alba. In the Netherlands he is considered to be as the Bogeyman and his name is used to frighten children or to threaten them when they don´t want to do something, such as eating the soup or going to bed early. Why has the third Duke of Alba such a bad reputation in the Netherlands? 

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Álvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba

Remember to bring your projects on Monday. 

Challenge number 19

This week´s challenge will consist in researching about two aspects of the Counter- Reformation: the Index Librorum Prohibitorum and the Society of Jesus. These are the questions: 

QUESTION 1

Why were the books of Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Desiderius Erasmus included in the Index of Prohibited Books?

QUESTION 2

What famous picaresque novel written in Castilian was included in the Index?

QUESTION 3

What do these Latin expressions mean: NIHIL OBSTAT and IMPRIMATUR? What is the relationship between these expressions and the Index Librorum Prohibitorum?

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzfZuBactig

QUESTION 4

When was the Index Librorum Prohibitorum definitely abolished? What Pope made this decision?

QUESTION 5

What was the name of the Jesuit missions created in the Castilian and Portuguese colonies in the Indies? What was the role of the Jesuits in these missions?

Presentation about Humanism, Reformation and Counter-Reformation

Here you have the Powerpoint presentation we have been using this week to study Humanism and the Reformation. It also includes Counter- Reformation, the reaction of the Catholic Church to the different Protestant currents.

More about the printing press

The invention of the printing press was one of the most crucial moments in the history of humanity. Written documents multiplied, their prices lowered and more people could have access to books and knowledge. It was a real revolution, but books needed readers and education was a privilege in the Modern Age. Compulsory  primary education didn´t start until the 18th century and only in some parts of Europe.

If you want to learn more about the printing press, here you have some interesting links:

- The history of printing in Asia. The first printed documents were made in China in the 7th century:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_typography_in_East_Asia

These are two examples of Chinese printed banknotes: 

- A history of the printing press:

http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/printpress.htm#The Story:

- And here you have a demonstration about how the printing press worked: 

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phD0pEaczzg

A musical vision of the Renaissance period

Here you have a very funny video from the History for Music Lovers channel on Youtube. If you watch it, you will have a general idea about Humanism and the Renaissance. The most important thinkers and artists of the 15th and 16th centuries have an important role in this video. And, of course, if you like, you can learn the song. Pay a special attention to the musicians ;)

Source:  http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#g/u

Glogs about the Spanish Inquisition

Here you have the glogs of the people who have participated in our last challenge. More glogs than expected! Which is, in your opinion, this week´s winner? It´s up to you to decide ;)

JAVIER ALBERCA



MANUEL CRUZ



ANA DE LA FUENTE



REBECA GARCÍA



LAURA MUÑOZ



CARMEN SALIDO

Sanbenitos and the Holy Inquisition

The word Sanbenito comes from “saco bendito”, blessed sack, and it was the penitential dress worn by the convicted heretics condemned by the Holy Inquisition. This garment was similar to a yellow colour wool sack without sleeves and it was a way of public slander and shame. The convicted had to wear the Sanbenito during the auto-da-fe and later, until they finished their penance. Those who were condemned to death wore the Sanbenito until the moment they were executed. When the convicted finished their penance or after their execution, all the Sanbenitos were collected by the Church officials and publicly displayed in parish churches, with the names of the convicted.

There were different types of Sanbenitos: the colours and drawings indicated the crimes the convicted had commited and the punishments they deserved:

-   The Samarra (T-shirt): It was worn by those condemned to be burnt at the stake. It included dragons, devils and flames and the image of the convicted.

- The Fuego Revolto (stirred fire): It was worn by those who had repented. The flames were represented downwards. This meant that the convicted had escaped death. 

-   The Sanbenito (blessed sack): The penitents worn this dress. It included the cross of  Saint Andrew. 

The convicted also wore a pointed cap, called "coroza", rosaries and candles of different colours. 

There is an expression in Spanish related to this garment: “to hang someone with the Sanbenito” (“colgarle a uno el sambenito”). This means “unfairly blaming someone for something he/she is not responsible for”, “reminding only a person´s bad actions and forgetting the good ones”, “negatively labelling someone”. There is another expression related to the Sanbenito: " to get rid of the Sambenito" ("quitarse el sambenito"). This one refers to the difficulties of getting rid of an unfairly bad reputation.

Francisco de Goya, the famous Aragonese painter, lived and worked between the 18th and 19th centuries. The Holy Inquisition still existed. Some Goya´s works of art allow us to know how the Sanbenito ´fashion´evolved throughout the centuries. 

Auto-da-fe of the Inquisition, oil on board, 1812-1819

For being born somewhere else, brown wash drawing, 1814-1823

Goya had a lot of problems with the Inquisition, especially with a series of engravings called Caprichos. The Inquisition wanted to prosecute Goya. Finally, Goya gave the engraving plates to king Carlos IV as a present to avoid being arrested. 

The Catholic Monarchs´ presentation

Here you have the Powerpoint presentation of Unit 6. You can have a look on the last slide, where you can observe the map of the territories inherited by Charles V, the Catholic Monarchs´ direct succesor. 

Sephardi Jews

Source: http://www.fcit.usf.edu/HOLOCAUST/gallery/expuls.htm

Sepharad was the name the Jews gave to the Iberian Peninsula since the 2nd century AD. In modern Hebrew it means "Spain". When the Catholic Monarchs decided to expel the Jews who didn´t convert to Christianity in 1492, the Jews who left their kingdoms were called Sephardi or Sephardic. They settled down in different parts of the Mediterranean coasts: the most part of them settled down in the Ottoman Empire, especially in the cities of Salonica (present Greece) and Istanbul (present Turkey). Others settled down in Northern Morocco and Algeria. These Jewish communities preserved their language, a variation of old Castilian called Ladino or Judezmo. These Sephardi communities still speak this language. It´s very curious to listen to them, because you can have an idea of how old Castilian sounded in the 15th century like. 

Here you have a link with more information about Ladino: 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judezmo

And here you have an example of Luz de Sefarad, a weekly radio programme totally spoken in Ladino. It´s broadcasted on Radio 5, a Spanish radio station, every Saturday at 19:40. If you click on Play, you will be able to understand almost everything:

And here you have the link to other Luz de Sefarad podcasts: 

http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/luz-de-sefarad/

Challenge number 17

This week we´ll start with history challenges. Here you have some questions related to the Catholic Monarchs´ background and a final question that explains one of the most crucial decisions they made during their rule: 

QUESTION 1

Both Isabella of Castile and Fernando of Aragon belonged to the Trastámara dynasty. What´s the origin of the word "Trastámara"? When did this house or dynasty appear?

QUESTION 2

Who was Beltrán de la Cueva? What was his role in the succession of Castile?

QUESTION 3

King Enrique IV, Isabella of Castile´s brother, was called "the Impotent". Why? Was this really true?

Enrique IV of Castile

QUESTION 4

What is the relation between the Succession War in Castile (1474-1479) and the exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and the "discovery" of new lands?